What is the electrolyte material of lithium ion battery
2021-08-13
Electrolyte is an important part of the battery. It serves to transport and conduct current between the positive and negative electrodes of the battery, and is a bridge connecting the positive and negative materials. Not only that, the choice of electrolyte determines the working mechanism of the battery to a very human extent, and affects the specific energy, safety, cycle performance, rate charge and discharge performance, storage performance and cost of the battery. Therefore, the optimization and innovation of the electrolyte system is also a revolution in battery development. For example, the zinc-manganese battery has undergone three revolutions in its development history, two of which originated from the revolution in the electrolyte system.
Once in 1970, the electrolyte was replaced by an aqueous solution with ZnCl as the main body and a small amount of NH4Cl instead of the original NH4CI-based NBiCl and ZuCl2 aqueous solution. The flow mechanism of the battery is changed, and the discharge performance and leak-proof performance of the battery are greatly improved. Another time was that the alkaline manganese batteries around 1980 used KOH aqueous solution as the electrolyte, which completely changed the structure and reaction mechanism of the battery, which not only further increased the specific energy of the battery, but also turned the zinc-manganese battery into a rechargeable battery.
Regarding lithium-ion batteries, the use of electrolytes should not be underestimated. People often classify lithium-ion batteries according to the type of electrolyte. For example, according to the state of the electrolyte, lithium-ion batteries are divided into liquid lithium-ion batteries and solid-state lithium-ion batteries. In fact, the innovation of the electrolyte system has made a substantial contribution to the diversification of lithium-ion batteries. Lithium-ion batteries with different electrolytes have different electrochemical properties and are used to meet different processing and life practices. Therefore, like the electrode material, the electrolyte is also a key material for lithium-ion batteries.
